if not modules then modules = { } end modules ['core-con'] = {
    version   = 1.001,
    comment   = "companion to core-con.mkiv",
    author    = "Hans Hagen, PRAGMA-ADE, Hasselt NL",
    copyright = "PRAGMA ADE / ConTeXt Development Team",
    license   = "see context related readme files"
}

-- todo: split into lang-con.lua and core-con.lua

-- This module implements a bunch of conversions. Some are more efficient than their
-- TeX counterpart, some are even slower but look nicer this way. Some code may move
-- to a module in the language namespace.

local floor = math.floor
local osdate, ostime, ostimezone = os.date, os.time, os.timezone
local concat, insert, reverse = table.concat, table.insert, table.reverse
local lower, upper, rep, match, gsub = string.lower, string.upper, string.rep, string.match, string.gsub
local utfchar, utfbyte = utf.char, utf.byte
local tonumber, tostring, type, rawset = tonumber, tostring, type, rawset
local P, S, R, Cc, Cf, Cg, Ct, Cs, C, V, Carg = lpeg.P, lpeg.S, lpeg.R, lpeg.Cc, lpeg.Cf, lpeg.Cg, lpeg.Ct, lpeg.Cs, lpeg.C, lpeg.V, lpeg.Carg
local lpegmatch, lpegpatterns = lpeg.match, lpeg.patterns
local div, mod = math.div, math.mod

local context            = context
local commands           = commands
local implement          = interfaces.implement

local settings_to_array  = utilities.parsers.settings_to_array
local allocate           = utilities.storage.allocate
local setmetatableindex  = table.setmetatableindex
local formatters         = string.formatters
local variables          = interfaces.variables
local constants          = interfaces.constants
local addformatter       = utilities.strings.formatters.add

local texset             = tex.set

converters               = converters or { }
local converters         = converters

languages                = languages  or { }
local languages          = languages

local helpers            = converters.helpers or { }
converters.helpers       = helpers

local ctx_labeltext      = context.labeltext
local ctx_LABELTEXT      = context.LABELTEXT
local ctx_space          = context.space
local ctx_convertnumber  = context.convertnumber
local ctx_highordinalstr = context.highordinalstr

converters.number  = tonumber
converters.numbers = tonumber

implement { name = "number",  actions = context }
implement { name = "numbers", actions = context }

-- to be reconsidered ... languages namespace here, might become local plus a register command

local counters = allocate {
    ['default'] = { -- no metatable as we do a test on keys
        0x0061, 0x0062, 0x0063, 0x0064, 0x0065,
        0x0066, 0x0067, 0x0068, 0x0069, 0x006A,
        0x006B, 0x006C, 0x006D, 0x006E, 0x006F,
        0x0070, 0x0071, 0x0072, 0x0073, 0x0074,
        0x0075, 0x0076, 0x0077, 0x0078, 0x0079,
        0x007A
    },
    ['slovenian'] = {
        0x0061, 0x0062, 0x0063, 0x010D, 0x0064,
        0x0065, 0x0066, 0x0067, 0x0068, 0x0069,
        0x006A, 0x006B, 0x006C, 0x006D, 0x006E,
        0x006F, 0x0070, 0x0072, 0x0073, 0x0161,
        0x0074, 0x0075, 0x0076, 0x007A, 0x017E
    },
    ['spanish'] = {
        0x0061, 0x0062, 0x0063, 0x0064, 0x0065,
        0x0066, 0x0067, 0x0068, 0x0069, 0x006A,
        0x006B, 0x006C, 0x006D, 0x006E, 0x00F1,
        0x006F, 0x0070, 0x0071, 0x0072, 0x0073,
        0x0074, 0x0075, 0x0076, 0x0077, 0x0078,
        0x0079, 0x007A
    },
    ['russian'] = {
        0x0430, 0x0431, 0x0432, 0x0433, 0x0434,
        0x0435, 0x0436, 0x0437, 0x0438, 0x043a,
        0x043b, 0x043c, 0x043d, 0x043e, 0x043f,
        0x0440, 0x0441, 0x0442, 0x0443, 0x0444,
        0x0445, 0x0446, 0x0447, 0x0448, 0x0449,
        0x044d, 0x044e, 0x044f
    },
    ['greek'] = { -- this should be the lowercase table
     -- 0x0391, 0x0392, 0x0393, 0x0394, 0x0395,
     -- 0x0396, 0x0397, 0x0398, 0x0399, 0x039A,
     -- 0x039B, 0x039C, 0x039D, 0x039E, 0x039F,
     -- 0x03A0, 0x03A1, 0x03A3, 0x03A4, 0x03A5,
     -- 0x03A6, 0x03A7, 0x03A8, 0x03A9
        0x03B1, 0x03B2, 0x03B3, 0x03B4, 0x03B5,
        0x03B6, 0x03B7, 0x03B8, 0x03B9, 0x03BA,
        0x03BB, 0x03BC, 0x03BD, 0x03BE, 0x03BF,
        0x03C0, 0x03C1, 0x03C3, 0x03C4, 0x03C5,
        0x03C6, 0x03C7, 0x03C8, 0x03C9,
    },
    ['arabic'] = {
        0x0627, 0x0628, 0x062C, 0x062F, 0x0647,
        0x0648, 0x0632, 0x062D, 0x0637, 0x0649,
        0x0643, 0x0644, 0x0645, 0x0646, 0x0633,
        0x0639, 0x0641, 0x0635, 0x0642, 0x0631,
        0x0634, 0x062A, 0x062B, 0x062E, 0x0630,
        0x0636, 0x0638, 0x063A,
    },
    ['persian'] = {
        0x0627, 0x0628, 0x062C, 0x062F, 0x0647,
        0x0648, 0x0632, 0x062D, 0x0637, 0x0649,
        0x06A9, 0x0644, 0x0645, 0x0646, 0x0633,
        0x0639, 0x0641, 0x0635, 0x0642, 0x0631,
        0x0634, 0x062A, 0x062B, 0x062E, 0x0630,
        0x0636, 0x0638, 0x063A,
    },
    ['thai'] = {
        0xE050, 0xE051, 0xE052, 0xE053, 0xE054,
        0xE055, 0xE056, 0xE057, 0xE058, 0xE059
    },
    ['devanagari'] = {
     -- ० १ २ ३ ४ ५ ६ ७ ८ ९
        0x0966, 0x0967, 0x0968, 0x0969, 0x096A,
        0x096B, 0x096C, 0x096D, 0x096E, 0x096F
    },
    ['gurmurkhi'] = {
        0x0A66, 0x0A67, 0x0A68, 0x0A69, 0x0A6A,
        0x0A6B, 0x0A6C, 0x0A6D, 0x0A6E, 0x0A6F
    },
    ['gujarati'] = {
        0x0AE6, 0x0AE7, 0x0AE8, 0x0AE9, 0x0AEA,
        0x0AEB, 0x0AEC, 0x0AED, 0x0AEE, 0x0AEF
    },
    ['tibetan'] = {
        0x0F20, 0x0F21, 0x0F22, 0x0F23, 0x0F24,
        0x0F25, 0x0F26, 0x0F27, 0x0F28, 0x0F29
    },
    ['korean'] = {
        0x3131, 0x3134, 0x3137, 0x3139, 0x3141,
        0x3142, 0x3145, 0x3147, 0x3148, 0x314A,
        0x314B, 0x314C, 0x314D, 0x314E
    },
    ['korean-parenthesis'] = { --
        0x3200, 0x3201, 0x3202, 0x3203, 0x3204,
        0x3205, 0x3206, 0x3207, 0x3208, 0x3209,
        0x320A, 0x320B, 0x320C, 0x320D
    },
    ['korean-circle'] = { -- circled
        0x3260, 0x3261, 0x3262, 0x3263, 0x3264,
        0x3265, 0x3266, 0x3267, 0x3268, 0x3269,
        0x326A, 0x326B, 0x326C, 0x326D
    },
}

languages.counters = counters

counters['ar']                        = counters['arabic']
counters['gr']                        = counters['greek']
counters['g']                         = counters['greek']
counters['sl']                        = counters['slovenian']
counters['es']                        = counters['spanish']
counters['ru']                        = counters['russian']
counters['kr']                        = counters['korean']
counters['kr-p']                      = counters['korean-parenthesis']
counters['kr-c']                      = counters['korean-circle']

counters['thainumerals']              = counters['thai']
counters['devanagarinumerals']        = counters['devanagari']
counters['gurmurkhinumerals']         = counters['gurmurkhi']
counters['gujaratinumerals']          = counters['gujarati']
counters['tibetannumerals']           = counters['tibetan']
counters['greeknumerals']             = counters['greek']
counters['arabicnumerals']            = counters['arabic']
counters['persiannumerals']           = counters['persian']
counters['arabicexnumerals']          = counters['persian']
counters['koreannumerals']            = counters['korean']
counters['koreanparenthesisnumerals'] = counters['korean-parenthesis']
counters['koreancirclenumerals']      = counters['korean-circle']

counters['sloveniannumerals']         = counters['slovenian']
counters['spanishnumerals']           = counters['spanish']
counters['russiannumerals']           = counters['russian']

local decimals = allocate {
    ['arabic'] = {
        ["0"] = "٠", ["1"] = "١", ["2"] = "٢", ["3"] = "٣", ["4"] = "٤",
        ["5"] = "٥", ["6"] = "٦", ["7"] = "٧", ["8"] = "٨", ["9"] = "٩",
    },
    ['persian'] = {
        ["0"] = "۰", ["1"] = "۱", ["2"] = "۲", ["3"] = "۳", ["4"] = "۴",
        ["5"] = "۵", ["6"] = "۶", ["7"] = "۷", ["8"] = "۸", ["9"] = "۹",
    },
    ['devanagari'] = {
        ["0"] = "०", ["1"] = "१", ["2"] = "२", ["3"] = "३", ["4"] = "४",
        ["5"] = "५", ["6"] = "६", ["7"] = "७", ["8"] = "८", ["9"] = "९",
    },
    ['malayalam'] = {
        ["0"] = "൦", ["1"] = "൧", ["2"] = "൨", ["3"] = "൩", ["4"] = "൪",
        ["5"] = "൫", ["6"] = "൬", ["7"] = "൭", ["8"] = "൮", ["9"] = "൯",
    },
    ['tamil'] = {
        ["0"] = "௦", ["1"] = "௧", ["2"] = "௨", ["3"] = "௩", ["4"] = "௪",
        ["5"] = "௫", ["6"] = "௬", ["7"] = "௭", ["8"] = "௮", ["9"] = "௯",
    },
    ['kannada'] = {
        ["0"] = "೦", ["1"] = "೧", ["2"] = "೨", ["3"] = "೩", ["4"] = "೪",
        ["5"] = "೫", ["6"] = "೬", ["7"] = "೭", ["8"] = "೮", ["9"] = "೯",
    },
    ['telugu'] = {
        ["0"] = "౦", ["1"] = "౧", ["2"] = "౨", ["3"] = "౩", ["4"] = "౪",
        ["5"] = "౫", ["6"] = "౬", ["7"] = "౭", ["8"] = "౮", ["9"] = "౯",
    },
    ['bengali'] = {
        ["0"] = "০", ["1"] = "১", ["2"] = "২", ["3"] = "৩", ["4"] = "৪",
        ["5"] = "৫", ["6"] = "৬", ["7"] = "৭", ["8"] = "৮", ["9"] = "৯",
    },
    ['gujarati'] = {
        ["0"] = "૦", ["1"] = "૧", ["2"] = "૨", ["3"] = "૩", ["4"] = "૪",
        ["5"] = "૫", ["6"] = "૬", ["7"] = "૭", ["8"] = "૮", ["9"] = "૯",
    },
    ['gurmurkhi'] = {
        ["0"] = "੦", ["1"] = "੧", ["2"] = "੨", ["3"] = "੩", ["4"] = "੪",
        ["5"] = "੫", ["6"] = "੬", ["7"] = "੭", ["8"] = "੮", ["9"] = "੯",
    },
}

languages.decimals = decimals

local fallback = utfbyte('0')

local function chr(n,m)
    return (n > 0 and n < 27 and utfchar(n+m)) or ""
end

local function chrs(n,m,t)
    if not t then
        t = { }
    end
    if n > 26 then
        chrs(floor((n-1)/26),m,t)
        n = (n-1)%26 + 1
    end
    if n ~= 0 then
        t[#t+1] = utfchar(n+m)
    end
    if n <= 26 then
        return concat(t)
    end
end

local function maxchrs(n,m,cmd,t)
    if not t then
        t = { }
    end
    if n > m then
        maxchrs(floor((n-1)/m),m,cmd)
        n = (n-1)%m + 1
    end
    t[#t+1] = formatters["%s{%s}"](cmd,n)
    if n <= m then
        return concat(t)
    end
end

converters.chr     = chr
converters.chrs    = chrs
converters.maxchrs = maxchrs

local lowercharacter = characters.lcchars
local uppercharacter = characters.ucchars

local defaultcounter = counters.default

local function do_alphabetic(n,mapping,mapper,t) -- todo: make zero based variant (initial n + 1)
    if not t then
        t = { }
    end
    local max = #mapping
    if n > max then
        do_alphabetic(floor((n-1)/max),mapping,mapper,t)
        n = (n-1) % max + 1
    end
    local chr = mapping[n] or fallback
    t[#t+1] = mapper and mapper[chr] or chr
    if n <= max then
        return concat(t)
    end
end

local function alphabetic(n,code)
    return do_alphabetic(n,code and code ~= "" and counters[code] or defaultcounter,lowercharacter)
end

local function Alphabetic(n,code)
    return do_alphabetic(n,code and code ~= "" and counters[code] or defaultcounter,uppercharacter)
end

converters.alphabetic = alphabetic
converters.Alphabetic = Alphabetic

-- we could make a replacer

local function todecimals(n,name)
    local stream  = tostring(n)
    local mapping = decimals[name]
    return mapping and gsub(stream,".",mapping) or stream
end

converters.decimals = todecimals

local lower_offset = 96
local upper_offset = 64

function converters.character (n) return chr (n,lower_offset) end
function converters.Character (n) return chr (n,upper_offset) end
function converters.characters(n) return chrs(n,lower_offset) end
function converters.Characters(n) return chrs(n,upper_offset) end

implement { name = "alphabetic", actions = { alphabetic, context }, arguments = { "integer", "string" } }
implement { name = "Alphabetic", actions = { Alphabetic, context }, arguments = { "integer", "string" } }

implement { name = "character",  actions = { chr,  context }, arguments = { "integer", lower_offset } }
implement { name = "Character",  actions = { chr,  context }, arguments = { "integer", upper_offset } }
implement { name = "characters", actions = { chrs, context }, arguments = { "integer", lower_offset } }
implement { name = "Characters", actions = { chrs, context }, arguments = { "integer", upper_offset } }

implement { name = "decimals",   actions = { todecimals, context }, arguments = { "integer", "string" } }

local weekday    = os.weekday    -- moved to l-os
local isleapyear = os.isleapyear -- moved to l-os
local nofdays    = os.nofdays    -- moved to l-os

local function leapyear(year)
    return isleapyear(year) and 1 or 0
end

local function textime()
    return tonumber(osdate("%H")) * 60 + tonumber(osdate("%M"))
end

-- For consistenty we need to add day here but that conflicts with the current
-- serializer so then best is to have none from now on:

-- function converters.year  () return osdate("%Y") end
-- function converters.month () return osdate("%m") end -- always two digits
-- function converters.day   () return osdate("%d") end -- conflicts
-- function converters.hour  () return osdate("%H") end
-- function converters.minute() return osdate("%M") end
-- function converters.second() return osdate("%S") end

converters.weekday    = weekday
converters.isleapyear = isleapyear
converters.leapyear   = leapyear
converters.nofdays    = nofdays
converters.textime    = textime

implement { name = "weekday",  actions = { weekday,  context }, arguments = { "integer", "integer", "integer" } }
implement { name = "leapyear", actions = { leapyear, context }, arguments = "integer" }
implement { name = "nofdays",  actions = { nofdays,  context }, arguments = { "integer", "integer" } }

implement { name = "year",     actions = { osdate,   context }, arguments = "'%Y'" }
implement { name = "month",    actions = { osdate,   context }, arguments = "'%m'" }
implement { name = "day",      actions = { osdate,   context }, arguments = "'%d'" }
implement { name = "hour",     actions = { osdate,   context }, arguments = "'%H'" }
implement { name = "minute",   actions = { osdate,   context }, arguments = "'%M'" }
implement { name = "second",   actions = { osdate,   context }, arguments = "'%S'" }
implement { name = "textime",  actions = { textime,  context } }

implement {
    name      = "doifelseleapyear",
    actions   = { isleapyear, commands.doifelse },
    arguments = "integer"
}

local roman = {
    { [0] = '', 'I', 'II', 'III', 'IV', 'V', 'VI', 'VII', 'VIII', 'IX' },
    { [0] = '', 'X', 'XX', 'XXX', 'XL', 'L', 'LX', 'LXX', 'LXXX', 'XC' },
    { [0] = '', 'C', 'CC', 'CCC', 'CD', 'D', 'DC', 'DCC', 'DCCC', 'CM' },
}

local function toroman(n)
    if n >= 4000 then
        return toroman(floor(n/1000)) .. " " .. toroman(n%1000)
    else
        return rep("M",floor(n/1000)) .. roman[3][floor((n%1000)/100)] .. roman[2][floor((n%100)/10)] .. roman[1][floor((n%10)/1)]
    end
end

converters.toroman       = toroman
converters.Romannumerals = toroman
converters.romannumerals = function(n) return lower(toroman(n)) end

converters['i']  = converters.romannumerals
converters['I']  = converters.Romannumerals
converters['r']  = converters.romannumerals
converters['R']  = converters.Romannumerals
converters['KR'] = converters.Romannumerals
converters['RK'] = converters.Romannumerals

implement {
    name      = "romannumerals",
    actions   = { toroman, lower, context },
    arguments = "integer",
}

implement {
    name      = "Romannumerals",
    actions   = { toroman, context },
    arguments = "integer",
}

--~ local small = {
--~     0x0627, 0x066E, 0x062D, 0x062F, 0x0647, 0x0648, 0x0631
--~ }

--~ local large = {
--~     { 0x0627, 0x0628, 0x062C, 0x062F, 0x0647, 0x0648, 0x0632, 0x062D, 0x0637, },
--~     { 0x064A, 0x0643, 0x0644, 0x0645, 0x0646, 0x0633, 0x0639, 0x0641, 0x0635, },
--~     { 0x0642, 0x0631, 0x0634, 0x062A, 0x062B, 0x062E, 0x0630, 0x0636, 0x0638, },
--~     { 0x063A                                                                  },
--~ }

local small = {
    "ا", "ٮ", "ح", "د", "ه", "و", "ر",
}

local medium = {
     "ا", "ب", "ج", "د", "ه", "و","ز", "ح", "ط" ,
     "ي", "ك", "ل", "م", "ن", "س", "ع", "ف", "ص" ,
     "ق", "ر", "ش", "ت", "ث", "خ", "ذ", "ض", "ظ" ,
     "غ" ,
}

local large = {
    { "ا", "ب", "ج", "د", "ه", "و","ز", "ح", "ط" },
    { "ي", "ك", "ل", "م", "ن", "س", "ع", "ف", "ص" },
    { "ق", "ر", "ش", "ت", "ث", "خ", "ذ", "ض", "ظ" },
    { "غ" },
}

local function toabjad(n,what)
    if n <= 0 or n >= 2000 then
        return tostring(n)
    elseif what == 2 and n <= 7 then
        return small[n]
    elseif what == 3 and n <= 28 then
        return medium[n]
    else
        local a, b, c, d
        a, n = floor(n/1000), n % 1000 -- mod(n,1000)
        b, n = floor(n/ 100), n %  100 -- mod(n, 100)
        c, n = floor(n/  10), n %   10 -- mod(n,  10)
        d, n = floor(n/   1), n %    1 -- mod(n,   1)
        return (large[4][a] or "") .. (large[3][b] or "") .. (large[2][c] or "") .. (large[1][d] or "")
    end
end

converters.toabjad = toabjad

function converters.abjadnumerals     (n) return toabjad(n,false) end
function converters.abjadnodotnumerals(n) return toabjad(n,true ) end

implement {
    name      = "abjadnumerals",
    actions   = { toabjad, context },
    arguments = { "integer", false }
}

implement {
    name      = "abjadnodotnumerals",
    actions   = { toabjad, context },
    arguments = { "integer", true }
}

-- -- - hebrew and jiddish -- -- --

local trace_hebrew  trackers.register("converters.hebrew", function(v)
    trace_hebrew = v
end)

local list = {
    { 400, "ת" }, { 300, "ש" }, { 200, "ר" }, { 100, "ק" },
    {  90, "צ" }, { 80, "פ" }, { 70, "ע" }, { 60, "ס "}, { 50, "נ" }, { 40, "מ" }, { 30, "ל" }, { 20, "כ" }, { 10, "י" },
    {   9, "ט" }, { 8, "ח" }, { 7, "ז", }, { 6, "ו", }, { 5, "ה" }, { 4, "ד" }, { 3, "ג" }, { 2, "ב" }, { 1, "א" },
}

local special = {
    [15] = "ט״ו", -- exception: avoid mixup with God יה
    [16] = "ט״ז", -- exception: avoid mixup with God יו
}

local function tohebrew(n,gershayim,geresh)
    local split = { }
    local size  = 0
    while n > 1000 do
        size = size + 1
        split[size] = n % 1000
        n = floor(n/1000)
    end
    size = size + 1
    split[size] = n
    for i=1,size do
        local t = { }
        local n = 0
        local s = split[i]
        while s > 0 do
            for i=1,#list do
              ::again::
                local li = list[i]
                local l1 = li[1]
                local s1 = special[l1]
                if s1 then
                    s = s - l1
                    n = n + 1
                    t[n] = s1
                    goto again
                elseif s >= l1 then
                    s = s - l1
                    n = n + 1
                    t[n] = li[2]
                    goto again
                end
            end
        end
        ::done::
        split[i] = t
    end
    if gershayim then
        for i=1,size do
            local si = split[i]
            local ni = #si
            if ni >= 2 then
                local s = "״"
                insert(split[i],ni,trace_hebrew and ("{\\red "..s.."}") or s)
            end
        end
    end
    if geresh then
        for i=2,#split do
            local s = rep("׳",i-1)
            insert(split[i],trace_hebrew and ("{\\blue "..s.."}") or s)
        end
    end
    for i=1,size do
        split[i] = concat(split[i])
    end
    return concat(reverse(split))
end

converters.tohebrew       = tohebrew
converters.hebrewnumerals = converters.tohebrew

-- converters['alphabetic:hb'] = converters.hebrewnumerals

interfaces.implement {
    name      = "hebrewnumerals",
    actions   = { tohebrew, context },
    arguments = { "integer", true, true }
}

-- -- --

local vector = {
    normal = {
                [0] = "〇",
                [1] = "一",
                [2] = "二",
                [3] = "三",
                [4] = "四",
                [5] = "五",
                [6] = "六",
                [7] = "七",
                [8] = "八",
                [9] = "九",
               [10] = "十",
              [100] = "百",
             [1000] = "千",
            [10000] = "万",
        [100000000] = "亿",
    },
    cap = {
                [0] = "零",
                [1] = "壹",
                [2] = "贰",
                [3] = "叁",
                [4] = "肆",
                [5] = "伍",
                [6] = "陆",
                [7] = "柒",
                [8] = "捌",
                [9] = "玖",
               [10] = "拾",
              [100] = "佰",
             [1000] = "仟",
            [10000] = "萬",
        [100000000] = "亿",
    },
    all = {
                [0] = "〇",
                [1] = "一",
                [2] = "二",
                [3] = "三",
                [4] = "四",
                [5] = "五",
                [6] = "六",
                [7] = "七",
                [8] = "八",
                [9] = "九",
               [10] = "十",
               [20] = "廿",
               [30] = "卅",
              [100] = "百",
             [1000] = "千",
            [10000] = "万",
        [100000000] = "亿",
    }
}

local function tochinese(n,name) -- normal, caps, all
 -- improved version by Li Yanrui
    local result, r = { }, 0
    local vector = vector[name] or vector.normal
    while true do
        if n == 0 then
            break
        elseif n >= 100000000 then
            local m = floor(n/100000000)
            r = r + 1 ; result[r] = tochinese(m,name)
            r = r + 1 ; result[r] = vector[100000000]
            local z = n - m * 100000000
            if z > 0 and z < 10000000 then r = r + 1 ; result[r] = vector[0] end
            n = n % 100000000
        elseif n >= 10000000 then
            local m = floor(n/10000)
            r = r + 1 ; result[r] = tochinese(m,name)
            r = r + 1 ; result[r] = vector[10000]
            local z = n - m * 10000
            if z > 0 and z < 1000 then r = r + 1 ; result[r] = vector[0] end
            n = n % 10000
        elseif n >= 1000000 then
            local m = floor(n/10000)
            r = r + 1 ; result[r] = tochinese(m,name)
            r = r + 1 ; result[r] = vector[10000]
            local z = n - m * 10000
            if z > 0 and z < 1000 then r = r + 1 ; result[r] = vector[0] end
            n = n % 10000
        elseif n >= 100000 then
            local m = floor(n/10000)
            r = r + 1 ; result[r] = tochinese(m,name)
            r = r + 1 ; result[r] = vector[10000]
            local z = n - m * 10000
            if z > 0 and z < 1000 then r = r + 1 ; result[r] = vector[0] end
            n = n % 10000
         elseif n >= 10000 then
            local m = floor(n/10000)
            r = r + 1 ; result[r] = vector[m]
            r = r + 1 ; result[r] = vector[10000]
            local z = n - m * 10000
            if z > 0 and z < 1000 then r = r + 1 ; result[r] = vector[0] end
            n = n % 10000
         elseif n >= 1000 then
            local m = floor(n/1000)
            r = r + 1 ; result[r] = vector[m]
            r = r + 1 ; result[r] = vector[1000]
            local z =  n - m * 1000
            if z > 0 and z < 100 then r = r + 1 ; result[r] = vector[0] end
            n = n % 1000
         elseif n >= 100 then
            local m = floor(n/100)
            r = r + 1 ; result[r] = vector[m]
            r = r + 1 ; result[r] = vector[100]
            local z = n - m * 100
            if z > 0 and z < 10 then r = r + 1 ; result[r] = vector[0] end
            n = n % 100
         elseif n >= 10 then
            local m = floor(n/10)
            if m > 1 and vector[m*10] then
                r = r + 1 ; result[r] = vector[m*10]
            else
                r = r + 1 ; result[r] = vector[m]
                r = r + 1 ; result[r] = vector[10]
            end
            n = n % 10
        else
            r = r + 1 ; result[r] = vector[n]
            break
        end
    end
    if (result[1] == vector[1] and result[2] == vector[10]) then
        result[1] = ""
    end
    return concat(result)
end

-- local t = { 1,10,15,25,35,45,11,100,111,1111,10000,11111,100000,111111,1111111,11111111,111111111,100000000,1111111111,11111111111,111111111111,1111111111111 }
-- for k=1,#t do
-- local v = t[k]
--     print(v,tochinese(v),tochinese(v,"all"),tochinese(v,"cap"))
-- end

converters.tochinese = tochinese

function converters.chinesenumerals   (n,how) return tochinese(n,how or "normal") end
function converters.chinesecapnumerals(n)     return tochinese(n,"cap") end
function converters.chineseallnumerals(n)     return tochinese(n,"all") end

converters['cn']   = converters.chinesenumerals
converters['cn-c'] = converters.chinesecapnumerals
converters['cn-a'] = converters.chineseallnumerals

implement {
    name      = "chinesenumerals",
    actions   = { tochinese, context },
    arguments = { "integer", "string" }
}

-- this is a temporary solution: we need a better solution when we have
-- more languages

converters['a']  = converters.characters
converters['A']  = converters.Characters
converters['AK'] = converters.Characters -- obsolete
converters['KA'] = converters.Characters -- obsolete

function converters.spanishnumerals  (n) return alphabetic(n,"es") end
function converters.Spanishnumerals  (n) return Alphabetic(n,"es") end
function converters.sloveniannumerals(n) return alphabetic(n,"sl") end
function converters.Sloveniannumerals(n) return Alphabetic(n,"sl") end
function converters.russiannumerals  (n) return alphabetic(n,"ru") end
function converters.Russiannumerals  (n) return Alphabetic(n,"ru") end

converters['alphabetic:es'] = converters.spanishnumerals
converters['alphabetic:sl'] = converters.sloveniannumerals
converters['alphabetic:ru'] = converters.russiannumerals

converters['Alphabetic:es'] = converters.Spanishnumerals
converters['Alphabetic:sl'] = converters.Sloveniannumerals
converters['Alphabetic:ru'] = converters.Russiannumerals

-- bonus

converters['a:es']  = converters.spanishnumerals
converters['a:sl']  = converters.sloveniannumerals
converters['a:ru']  = converters.russiannumerals
converters['A:es']  = converters.Spanishnumerals
converters['A:sl']  = converters.Sloveniannumerals
converters['A:ru']  = converters.Russiannumerals

-- end of bonus

converters.sequences = converters.sequences or { }
local sequences      = converters.sequences

storage.register("converters/sequences", sequences, "converters.sequences")

function converters.define(name,set) -- ,language)
 -- if language then
 --     name = name .. ":" .. language
 -- end
    sequences[name] = settings_to_array(set)
end

function converters.max(name)
    local s = sequences[name]
    return s and #s or 0
end

implement {
    name      = "defineconversion",
    actions   = converters.define,
    arguments = "2 strings",
}

implement {
    name      = "nofconversions",
    actions   = { converters.max, context },
    arguments = "string",
}

local function convert(method,n,language)
    local converter = language and converters[method..":"..language] or converters[method]
    if converter then
        return converter(n)
    else
        local lowermethod = lower(method)
        local linguistic  = counters[lowermethod]
        if linguistic then
            return do_alphabetic(n,linguistic,lowermethod == method and lowercharacter or uppercharacter)
        end
        local sequence = sequences[method]
        if sequence then
            local max = #sequence
            if n > max then
                return sequence[(n-1) % max + 1]
            else
                return sequence[n]
            end
        end
        return n
    end
end

converters.convert = convert

local function valid(method,language)
    return converters[method..":"..language] or converters[method] or sequences[method]
end

implement {
    name      = "doifelseconverter",
    actions   = { valid, commands.doifelse },
    arguments = "2 strings",
}

implement {
    name      = "checkedconversion",
    actions   = { convert, context },
    arguments = { "string", "integer" }
}

-- hebrew data conversion

local gregorian_to_hebrew  do

    -- The next code is based on the c code at https://github.com/hebcal/hebcal
    --
    -- Hebcal     : A Jewish Calendar Generator
    -- Copyright  : 1994 - 2004 Danny Sadinoff, 2002 Michael J. Radwin
    -- License    : GPL
    --
    -- Because we only need simple dates, we use part of the code. There is more
    -- at that github place.
    --
    -- The number of days elapsed between the Gregorian date 12/31/1 BC and DATE.
    -- The Gregorian date Sunday, December 31, 1 BC is imaginary.
    --
    -- The code is luafied and a little different because we have no assignments
    -- in loops and such. We could speed up the code but then we divert from the
    -- original. This is not that critical anyway.

    local NISAN    =  1
    local IYYAR    =  2
    local SIVAN    =  3
    local TAMUZ    =  4
    local AV       =  5
    local ELUL     =  6
    local TISHREI  =  7
    local CHESHVAN =  8
    local KISLEV   =  9
    local TEVET    = 10
    local SHVAT    = 11
    local ADAR_I   = 12
    local ADAR_II  = 13

    local mmap = {
        KISLEV,
        TEVET,
        SHVAT,
        ADAR_I,
        NISAN,
        IYYAR,
        SIVAN,
        TAMUZ,
        TISHREI,
        TISHREI,
        TISHREI,
        CHESHVAN
    }

    local function greg2abs(year,month,day)
        local y = year - 1
        return y * 365 + div(y,4)- div(y,100) + div(y,400) + os.nofdays(year,month,day)
    end

    local function abs2greg(abs)

        local d0   = abs - 1

        local n400 = div(d0, 146097)
        local d1   = mod(d0, 146097)
        local n100 = div(d1,  36524)
        local d2   = mod(d1,  36524)
        local n4   = div(d2,   1461)
        local d3   = mod(d2,   1461)
        local n1   = div(d3,    365)

        local day  = mod(d3, 365) + 1
        local year = 400 * n400 + 100 * n100 + 4 * n4 + n1

        if n100 == 4 or n1 == 4 then
            return year, 12, 31
        else
            year = year + 1
            month = 1
            while true do
                local mlen = os.nofdays(year,month)
                if mlen < day then
                    day   = day - mlen
                    month = month + 1
                else
                    break
                end
            end
            return year, month, day
        end
    end

    local function hebrew_leapyear(year)
        return mod(1 + year * 7, 19) < 7
    end

    local function hebrew_months_in_year(year)
        return hebrew_leapyear(year) and 13 or 12
    end

    local function hebrew_elapsed_days(year)
        local y         = year - 1
        local m_elapsed = 235 * div(y,19) + 12 * mod(y,19) + div(((mod(y,19) * 7) + 1),19)
        local p_elapsed = 204 + 793 * mod(m_elapsed,1080)
        local h_elapsed = 5 + 12 * m_elapsed + 793 * div(m_elapsed,1080) + div(p_elapsed,1080)
        local parts     = mod(p_elapsed,1080) + 1080 * mod(h_elapsed,24)
        local day       = 1 + 29 * m_elapsed + div(h_elapsed,24)
        local d         = mod(day,7)
        local alt_day   = day
        if       parts >= 19440
             or (parts >=  9924 and d == 2 and not (hebrew_leapyear(year)))
             or (parts >= 16789 and d == 1 and      hebrew_leapyear(y   )) then
            alt_day = alt_day + 1
        end
        d = mod(alt_day,7)
        if d == 0 or d == 3 or d == 5 then
            alt_day = alt_day + 1
        end
        return alt_day
    end

    local function days_in_hebrew_year(year)
        return hebrew_elapsed_days(year + 1) - hebrew_elapsed_days(year)
    end

    local function long_cheshvan(year)
        return mod(days_in_hebrew_year(year),10) == 5
    end

    local function short_kislev(year)
        return mod(days_in_hebrew_year(year),10) == 3
    end

    local function max_days_in_heb_month(month,year)
        if month == IYYAR or month == TAMUZ or month == ELUL or month == TEVET or month == ADAR_II or
           (month == ADAR_I   and not hebrew_leapyear(year)) or
           (month == CHESHVAN and not long_cheshvan(year))   or
           (month == KISLEV   and     short_kislev (year))   then
            return 29
        else
            return 30
        end
    end

    local function hebrew2abs(year,month,day)
        if month < TISHREI then
            for m=TISHREI, hebrew_months_in_year(year), 1 do
                day = day + max_days_in_heb_month(m,year)
            end
            for m=NISAN, month - 1, 1 do
                day = day + max_days_in_heb_month(m,year)
            end
        else
            for m=TISHREI, month - 1, 1 do
                day = day + max_days_in_heb_month(m,year)
            end
        end
        return hebrew_elapsed_days(year) - 1373429 + day
    end

    local function abs2hebrew(abs)
        local yy, mm, dd = abs2greg(abs)
        local day   = 1
        local month = TISHREI
        local year  = 3760 + yy
        while abs >= hebrew2abs(year+1,month,day) do
            year = year + 1
        end
        if year >= 4635 and year < 10666 then
            month = mmap[mm]
        end
        while abs > hebrew2abs(year,month,max_days_in_heb_month(month,year)) do
            month = mod(month,hebrew_months_in_year(year)) + 1
        end
        day = abs - hebrew2abs(year,month,1) + 1
        return year, month, day
    end

    -- months = { "ניסן" "אייר" "סיון" "תמוז" "אב" "אלול" "תשרי" "חשון" "כסלו" "טבת" "שבט" }

    gregorian_to_hebrew = function(y,m,d)
        return abs2hebrew(greg2abs(y,m,d))
    end

    converters.gregorian_to_hebrew = gregorian_to_hebrew

end

local gregorian_to_jalali, jalali_to_gregorian do

    -- Well, since the one asking for this didn't test it the following code is not
    -- enabled.
    --
    -- -- This Lua version is based on a Javascript by Behdad Esfahbod which in turn
    -- -- is based on GPL'd code by Roozbeh Pournader of the The FarsiWeb Project
    -- -- Group: http://www.farsiweb.info/jalali/jalali.js.
    -- --
    -- -- We start tables at one, I kept it zero based in order to stay close to
    -- -- the original.
    -- --
    -- -- Conversion by Hans Hagen

    local g_days_in_month = { [0] = 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31 }
    local j_days_in_month = { [0] = 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 29 }


    gregorian_to_jalali = function(gy,gm,gd)
        local jy, jm, jd, g_day_no, j_day_no, j_np, i
        gy, gm, gd = gy - 1600, gm - 1, gd - 1
        g_day_no = 365*gy + div((gy+3),4) - div((gy+99),100) + div((gy+399),400)
        i = 0
        while i < gm do
            g_day_no = g_day_no + g_days_in_month[i]
            i = i + 1
        end
        if (gm>1 and ((gy%4==0 and gy%100~=0) or (gy%400==0))) then
            g_day_no = g_day_no + 1
        end
        g_day_no = g_day_no + gd
        j_day_no = g_day_no - 79
        j_np = div(j_day_no,12053)
        j_day_no = mod(j_day_no,12053)
        jy = 979 + 33*j_np + 4*div(j_day_no,1461)
        j_day_no = mod(j_day_no,1461)
        if j_day_no >= 366 then
            jy = jy + div((j_day_no-1),365)
            j_day_no = mod((j_day_no-1),365)
        end
        i = 0
        while i < 11 and j_day_no >= j_days_in_month[i] do
            j_day_no = j_day_no - j_days_in_month[i]
            i = i + 1
        end
        jm = i + 1
        jd = j_day_no + 1
        return jy, jm, jd
    end

    jalali_to_gregorian = function(jy,jm,jd)
        local gy, gm, gd, g_day_no, j_day_no, leap, i
        jy, jm, jd = jy - 979, jm - 1, jd - 1
        j_day_no = 365*jy + div(jy,33)*8 + div((mod(jy,33)+3),4)
        for i=0,jm-1,1 do
            j_day_no = j_day_no + j_days_in_month[i]
        end
        j_day_no = j_day_no + jd
        g_day_no = j_day_no + 79
        gy = 1600 + 400*div(g_day_no,146097)
        g_day_no = mod(g_day_no, 146097)
        leap = 1
        if g_day_no >= 36525 then
            g_day_no = g_day_no - 1
            gy = gy + 100*div(g_day_no,36524)
            g_day_no = mod(g_day_no, 36524)
            if g_day_no >= 365 then
                g_day_no = g_day_no + 1
            else
                leap = 0
            end
        end
        gy = gy  + 4*div(g_day_no,1461)
        g_day_no = mod(g_day_no, 1461)
        if g_day_no >= 366 then
            leap = 0
            g_day_no = g_day_no - 1
            gy = gy + div(g_day_no, 365)
            g_day_no = mod(g_day_no, 365)
        end
        i = 0
        while true do
            local d = g_days_in_month[i] + ((i == 1 and leap) or 0)
            if g_day_no >= d then
                g_day_no = g_day_no - d
                i = i + 1
            else
                break
            end
        end
        gm = i + 1
        gd = g_day_no + 1
        return gy, gm, gd
    end

    -- local function test(yg,mg,dg,yj,mj,dj)
    --     local y1, m1, d1 = jalali_to_gregorian(yj,mj,dj)
    --     local y2, m2, d2 = gregorian_to_jalali(yg,mg,dg)
    --     print(y1 == yg and m1 == mg and d1 == dg, yg,mg,dg, y1,m1,d1)
    --     print(y2 == yj and m2 == mj and d2 == dj, yj,mj,dj, y2,m2,d2)
    -- end

    -- test(1953,08,19, 1332,05,28)
    -- test(1979,02,11, 1357,11,22)
    -- test(2000,02,28, 1378,12,09)
    -- test(2000,03,01, 1378,12,11)
    -- test(2009,02,24, 1387,12,06)
    -- test(2015,03,21, 1394,01,01)
    -- test(2016,03,20, 1395,01,01)

    converters.gregorian_to_jalali = gregorian_to_jalali
    converters.jalali_to_gregorian = jalali_to_gregorian

end

-- -- more efficient but needs testing

-- local escapes = characters.filters.utf.private.escapes

-- local function do_alphabetic(n,mapping,chr)
--     local max = #mapping
--     if n > max then
--         do_alphabetic(floor((n-1)/max),mapping,chr)
--         n = (n-1)%max+1
--     end
--     n = chr(n,mapping)
--     context(escapes[n] or utfchar(n))
-- end

-- local lccodes, uccodes, safechar = characters.lccode, characters.uccode, commands.safechar

-- local function do_alphabetic(n,mapping,chr)
--     local max = #mapping
--     if n > max then
--         do_alphabetic(floor((n-1)/max),mapping,chr)
--         n = (n-1)%max+1
--     end
--     safechar(chr(n,mapping))
-- end

-- local function lowercased(n,mapping) return characters.lccode(mapping[n] or fallback) end
-- local function uppercased(n,mapping) return characters.uccode(mapping[n] or fallback) end

-- function converters.alphabetic(n,code)
--     do_alphabetic(n,counters[code] or counters.default,lowercased) -- lccode catches wrong tables
-- end

-- function converters.Alphabetic(n,code)
--     do_alphabetic(n,counters[code] or counters.default,uppercased)
-- end

local ordinals = {
    english = function(n)
        local two = n % 100
        if two == 11 or two == 12 or two == 13 then
            return "th"
        else
            local one = n % 10
            if one == 1 then
                return "st"
            elseif one == 2 then
                return "nd"
            elseif one == 3 then
                return "rd"
            else
                return "th"
            end
        end
    end,
    dutch = function(n)
        return "e"
    end,
    french = function(n)
        if n == 1 then
            return "er"
        else
            return "e"
        end
    end,
}

ordinals.en = ordinals.english
ordinals.nl = ordinals.dutch
ordinals.fr = ordinals.french

function converters.ordinal(n,language)
    local t = language and ordinals[language]
    return t and t(n)
end

local function ctxordinal(n,language)
    local t = language and ordinals[language]
    local o = t and t(n)
    context(n)
    if o then
        ctx_highordinalstr(o)
    end
end

implement {
    name      = "ordinal",
    actions   = ctxordinal,
    arguments = { "integer", "string" }
}

-- verbose numbers

local data         = allocate()
local verbose      = { data = data }
converters.verbose = verbose

-- verbose english

local words = {
               [0] = "zero",
               [1] = "one",
               [2] = "two",
               [3] = "three",
               [4] = "four",
               [5] = "five",
               [6] = "six",
               [7] = "seven",
               [8] = "eight",
               [9] = "nine",
              [10] = "ten",
              [11] = "eleven",
              [12] = "twelve",
              [13] = "thirteen",
              [14] = "fourteen",
              [15] = "fifteen",
              [16] = "sixteen",
              [17] = "seventeen",
              [18] = "eighteen",
              [19] = "nineteen",
              [20] = "twenty",
              [30] = "thirty",
              [40] = "forty",
              [50] = "fifty",
              [60] = "sixty",
              [70] = "seventy",
              [80] = "eighty",
              [90] = "ninety",
             [100] = "hundred",
            [1000] = "thousand",
         [1000000] = "million",
      [1000000000] = "billion",
   [1000000000000] = "trillion",
}

local function translate(n,connector)
    local w = words[n]
    if w then
        return w
    end
    local t = { }
    local function compose_one(n)
        local w = words[n]
        if w then
            t[#t+1] = w
            return
        end
        local a, b = floor(n/100), n % 100
        if a == 10 then
            t[#t+1] = words[1]
            t[#t+1] = words[1000]
        elseif a > 0 then
            t[#t+1] = words[a]
            t[#t+1] = words[100]
            -- don't say 'nine hundred zero'
            if b == 0 then
                return
            end
        end
        if words[b] then
            t[#t+1] = words[b]
        else
            a, b = floor(b/10), n % 10
            t[#t+1] = words[a*10]
            t[#t+1] = words[b]
        end
    end
    local function compose_two(n,m)
        if n > (m-1) then
            local a, b = floor(n/m), n % m
            if a > 0 then
                compose_one(a)
            end
            t[#t+1] = words[m]
            n = b
        end
        return n
    end
    n = compose_two(n,1000000000000)
    n = compose_two(n,1000000000)
    n = compose_two(n,1000000)
    n = compose_two(n,1000)
    if n > 0 then
        compose_one(n)
    end
    return #t > 0 and concat(t,connector or " ") or tostring(n)
end

data.english = {
    words     = words,
    translate = translate,
}

data.en = data.english

-- print(translate(11111111))
-- print(translate(2221101))
-- print(translate(1111))
-- print(translate(1218))
-- print(translate(1234))
-- print(translate(12345))
-- print(translate(12345678900000))

-- verbose spanish (unchecked)

local words = {
               [1] = "uno",
               [2] = "dos",
               [3] = "tres",
               [4] = "cuatro",
               [5] = "cinco",
               [6] = "seis",
               [7] = "siete",
               [8] = "ocho",
               [9] = "nueve",
              [10] = "diez",
              [11] = "once",
              [12] = "doce",
              [13] = "trece",
              [14] = "catorce",
              [15] = "quince",
              [16] = "dieciséis",
              [17] = "diecisiete",
              [18] = "dieciocho",
              [19] = "diecinueve",
              [20] = "veinte",
              [21] = "veintiuno",
              [22] = "veintidós",
              [23] = "veintitrés",
              [24] = "veinticuatro",
              [25] = "veinticinco",
              [26] = "veintiséis",
              [27] = "veintisiete",
              [28] = "veintiocho",
              [29] = "veintinueve",
              [30] = "treinta",
              [40] = "cuarenta",
              [50] = "cincuenta",
              [60] = "sesenta",
              [70] = "setenta",
              [80] = "ochenta",
              [90] = "noventa",
             [100] = "ciento",
             [200] = "doscientos",
             [300] = "trescientos",
             [400] = "cuatrocientos",
             [500] = "quinientos",
             [600] = "seiscientos",
             [700] = "setecientos",
             [800] = "ochocientos",
             [900] = "novecientos",
            [1000] = "mil",
         [1000000] = "millón",
      [1000000000] = "mil millones",
   [1000000000000] = "billón",
}

local function translate(n,connector)
    local w = words[n]
    if w then
        return w
    end
    local t = { }
    local function compose_one(n)
        local w = words[n]
        if w then
            t[#t+1] = w
            return
        end
        -- a, b = hundreds, remainder
        local a, b = floor(n/100), n % 100
        -- one thousand
        if a == 10 then
            t[#t+1] = words[1]
            t[#t+1] = words[1000]
        -- x hundred (n.b. this will not give thirteen hundred because
        -- compose_one(n) is only called after
        -- n = compose(two(n, 1000))
        elseif a > 0 then
            t[#t+1] = words[a*100]
        end
        -- the remainder
        if words[b] then
            t[#t+1] = words[b]
        else
            -- a, b = tens, remainder
            a, b = floor(b/10), n % 10
            t[#t+1] = words[a*10]
            t[#t+1] = "y"
            t[#t+1] = words[b]
        end
    end
    -- compose_two handles x billion, ... x thousand. When 1000 or less is
    -- left, compose_one takes over.
    local function compose_two(n,m)
        if n > (m-1) then
            local a, b = floor(n/m), n % m
            if a > 0 then
                compose_one(a)
            end
            t[#t+1] = words[m]
            n = b
        end
        return n
    end
    n = compose_two(n,1000000000000)
    n = compose_two(n,1000000000)
    n = compose_two(n,1000000)
    n = compose_two(n,1000)
    if n > 0 then
        compose_one(n)
    end
    return #t > 0 and concat(t,connector or " ") or tostring(n)
end

data.spanish = {
    words     = words,
    translate = translate,
}

data.es = data.spanish

-- print(translate(31))
-- print(translate(101))
-- print(translate(199))

-- verbose swedish by Peter Kvillegard

do

    local words = {
            [0] = "noll",
            [1] = "ett",
            [2] = "två",
            [3] = "tre",
            [4] = "fyra",
            [5] = "fem",
            [6] = "sex",
            [7] = "sju",
            [8] = "åtta",
            [9] = "nio",
           [10] = "tio",
           [11] = "elva",
           [12] = "tolv",
           [13] = "tretton",
           [14] = "fjorton",
           [15] = "femton",
           [16] = "sexton",
           [17] = "sjutton",
           [18] = "arton",
           [19] = "nitton",
           [20] = "tjugo",
           [30] = "trettio",
           [40] = "fyrtio",
           [50] = "femtio",
           [60] = "sextio",
           [70] = "sjuttio",
           [80] = "åttio",
           [90] = "nittio",
          [100] = "hundra",
         [10^3] = "tusen",
         [10^6] = "miljon",
         [10^9] = "miljard",
        [10^12] = "biljon",
        [10^15] = "biljard",
    }

    local function translate(n,connector)
        local w = words[n]
        if w then
            return w
        else
            local t = { }
            local l = 0
            -- group of three digits to words, e.g. 123 -> etthundratjugotre
            local function triplets(n)
                if floor(n/100) > 0 then
                    l = l + 1 ; t[l] = words[floor(n/100)]
                    l = l + 1 ; t[l] = words[100]
                end
                if n%100 > 20 then
                    l = l + 1 ; t[l] = words[n%100-n%10]
                    if n%10 > 0 then
                        l = l + 1 ; t[l] = words[n%10]
                    end
                elseif n%100 > 0 then
                    l = l + 1 ; t[l] = words[n%100]
                end
            end
            -- loops through 10^15,10^12,...10^3, extracting groups of three digits
            -- to make words from, then adding names for order of magnitude
            for i=15,3,-3 do
                local triplet = floor(n/10^i)%10^3
                if triplet > 0 then
                    -- grammar: "en" instead of "ett"
                    if i > 3 and triplet == 1 then
                        l = l + 1 ; t[l] = "en"
                    else
                        triplets(triplet)
                    end
                    -- grammar: plural form of "millions" etc
                    l = l + 1 ; t[l] = words[10^i]
                    if i > 3 and triplet > 1 then
                        l = l + 1 ; t[l] = "er"
                    end
                end
            end
            -- add last group of three numbers (no word for magnitude)
            n = n%1000
            if n > 0 then
                triplets(n)
            end
            t = concat(t," ")
            -- grammar: spacing for numbers < 10^6 and repeated letters
            if n < 10^6 then
                t = gsub(t,"%stusen%s","tusen")
                t = gsub(t,"etttusen","ettusen")
            end
            return t
        end
    end

    data.swedish = {
        words     = words,
        translate = translate,
    }

    data.sv = data.swedish

end

-- verbose handler:

function converters.verbose.translate(n,language,connector)
    local t = language and data[language]
    return t and t.translate(n,connector) or n
end

local function verbose(n,language,connector)
    local t = language and data[language]
    context(t and t.translate(n,connector) or n)
end

implement {
    name      = "verbose",
    actions   = verbose,
    arguments = { "integer", "string", "string" }
}

-- These are just helpers but not really for the tex end. Do we have to
-- use translate here?

local whitespace  = lpegpatterns.whitespace
local word        = lpegpatterns.utf8uppercharacter^-1 * (1-whitespace)^1
local pattern_one = Cs( whitespace^0 * word^-1 * P(1)^0)
local pattern_all = Cs((whitespace^1 + word)^1)

function converters.word (s) return s end -- dummies for typos
function converters.words(s) return s end -- dummies for typos

local function Word (s) return lpegmatch(pattern_one,s) or s end
local function Words(s) return lpegmatch(pattern_all,s) or s end

converters.Word  = Word
converters.Words = Words

converters.upper = characters.upper
converters.lower = characters.lower

-- print(converters.Word("foo bar"))
-- print(converters.Word(" foo bar"))
-- print(converters.Word("123 foo bar"))
-- print(converters.Word(" 123 foo bar"))

-- print(converters.Words("foo bar"))
-- print(converters.Words(" foo bar"))
-- print(converters.Words("123 foo bar"))
-- print(converters.Words(" 123 foo bar"))

-- --

local v_day      = variables.day
local v_year     = variables.year
local v_month    = variables.month
local v_weekday  = variables.weekday
local v_referral = variables.referral
local v_space    = variables.space

local v_MONTH    = upper(v_month)
local v_WEEKDAY  = upper(v_weekday)

local convert = converters.convert

local days = { -- not variables
    "sunday",
    "monday",
    "tuesday",
    "wednesday",
    "thursday",
    "friday",
    "saturday",
}

local months = { -- not variables
    "january",
    "february",
    "march",
    "april",
    "may",
    "june",
    "july",
    "august",
    "september",
    "october",
    "november",
    "december",
}

local monthmnems = { -- not variables
    -- virtual table
}

local daymnems = { -- not variables
    -- virtual table
}

setmetatableindex(days,       function(t,k) return "unknown" end)
setmetatableindex(daymnems,   function(t,k) return days[k] .. ":mnem" end)
setmetatableindex(months,     function(t,k) return "unknown" end)
setmetatableindex(monthmnems, function(t,k) return months[k] .. ":mnem" end)

do

    local function dayname(n)
        ctx_labeltext(days[n])
    end

    local function daymnem(n)
        ctx_labeltext(daymnems[n])
    end

    local function weekdayname(day,month,year)
        ctx_labeltext(days[weekday(day,month,year)])
    end

    local function monthname(n)
        ctx_labeltext(months[n])
    end

    local function monthmnem(n)
        ctx_labeltext(monthmnems[n])
    end

    implement {
        name      = "dayname",
        actions   = dayname,
        arguments = "integer",
    }

    implement {
        name      = "daymnem",
        actions   = daymnem,
        arguments = "integer",
    }

    implement {
        name      = "weekdayname",
        actions   = weekdayname,
        arguments = { "integer", "integer", "integer" }
    }

    implement {
        name      = "monthname",
        actions   = monthname,
        arguments = "integer",
    }

    implement {
        name      = "monthmnem",
        actions   = monthmnem,
        arguments = "integer",
    }

    -- todo : short week days

    local f_monthlong    = formatters["\\monthlong{%s}"]
    local f_monthshort   = formatters["\\monthshort{%s}"]
    local f_daylong      = formatters["\\daylong{%s}"]
    local f_dayshort     = formatters["\\dayshort{%s}"]
    local f_weekday      = formatters["\\weekday{%s}"]
    local f_dayoftheweek = formatters["\\dayoftheweek{%s}{%s}{%s}"]

    local function tomonthlong (m) return f_monthlong (tonumber(m) or 1) end
    local function tomonthshort(m) return f_monthshort(tonumber(m) or 1) end
    local function todaylong   (d) return f_daylong   (tonumber(d) or 1) end
    local function todayshort  (d) return f_dayshort  (tonumber(d) or 1) end
    local function toweekday   (d) return f_weekday   (tonumber(d) or 1) end

    local function todayoftheweek(d,m,y)
        return f_dayoftheweek(tonumber(d) or 1,tonumber(m) or 1,tonumber(y) or 2000)
    end

    addformatter(formatters,"monthlong",   [[tomonthlong(%s)]],         { tomonthlong    = tomonthlong    })
    addformatter(formatters,"monthshort",  [[tomonthshort(%s)]],        { tomonthshort   = tomonthshort   })
    addformatter(formatters,"daylong",     [[todaylong(%s)]],           { todaylong      = todaylong      })
    addformatter(formatters,"dayshort",    [[todayshort(%s)]],          { todayshort     = todayshort     })
    addformatter(formatters,"weekday",     [[toweekday(%s)]],           { toweekday      = toweekday      })
    addformatter(formatters,"dayoftheweek",[[todayoftheweek(%s,%s,%s)]],{ todayoftheweek = todayoftheweek })

    -- using %t is slower, even with caching as we seldom use > 3 items per epoch

    local function toeyear  (e) return osdate("%Y",tonumber(e))  end
    local function toemonth (e) return osdate("%m",tonumber(e))  end
    local function toeday   (e) return osdate("%d",tonumber(e))  end
    local function toeminute(e) return osdate("%M",tonumber(e))  end
    local function toesecond(e) return osdate("%S",tonumber(e))  end

    local function toemonthlong(e)
        return f_monthlong(tonumber(osdate("%m",tonumber(e))))
    end

    local function toemonthshort(e)
        return f_monthshort(tonumber(osdate("%m",tonumber(e))))
    end

    local function toedaylong(e)
        return f_datlong(tonumber(osdate("%w",tonumber(e))))
    end

    local function toedayshort(e)
        return f_dayshort(tonumber(osdate("%w",tonumber(e))))
    end

    local function toeweek(e) -- we run from 1-7 not 0-6
        return tostring(tonumber(osdate("%w",tonumber(e)))+1)
    end

    local function toeweekday(e)
        return f_weekday(tonumber(osdate("%w",tonumber(e)))+1)
    end

    local function toedate(format,e)
        return osdate(format,tonumber(e))
    end

    addformatter(formatters,"eyear",        [[toeyear(%s)]],        { toeyear         = toeyear       })
    addformatter(formatters,"emonth",       [[toemonth(%s)]],       { toemonth        = toemonth      })
    addformatter(formatters,"eday",         [[toeday(%s)]],         { toeday          = toeday        })
    addformatter(formatters,"eweek",        [[toeweek(%s)]],        { toeweek         = toeweek       })
    addformatter(formatters,"eminute",      [[toeminute(%s)]],      { toeminute       = toeminute     })
    addformatter(formatters,"esecond",      [[toesecond(%s)]],      { toesecond       = toesecond     })

    addformatter(formatters,"emonthlong",   [[toemonthlong(%s)]],   { toemonthlong    = toemonthlong  })
    addformatter(formatters,"emonthshort",  [[toemonthshort(%s)]],  { toemonthshort   = toemonthshort })
    addformatter(formatters,"edaylong",     [[toedaylong(%s)]],     { toedaylong      = toedaylong    })
    addformatter(formatters,"edayshort",    [[toedayshort(%s)]],    { toedayshort     = toedayshort   })
    addformatter(formatters,"eweekday",     [[toeweekday(%s)]],     { toeweekday      = toeweekday    })

    addformatter(formatters,"edate",        [[toedate(%s,%s)]],     { toedate         = toedate       })

end

-- a prelude to a function that we can use at the lua end

-- day:ord month:mmem
-- j and jj obsolete

local spaced = {
    [v_year]    = true,
    [v_month]   = true,
    [v_MONTH]   = true,
    [v_day]     = true,
    [v_weekday] = true,
    [v_WEEKDAY] = true,
}

local dateconverters = {
    ["hebrew:to"]   = gregorian_to_hebrew,
    ["jalali:to"]   = gregorian_to_jalali,
    ["jalali:from"] = jalali_to_gregorian,
}

local variants = {
    mnem   = {
        month = monthmnems,
        day   = daymnems,
    },
    hebrew = {
        month = setmetatableindex(function(t,k) return months[k] .. ":hebrew" end),
        day   = setmetatableindex(function(t,k) return days  [k] .. ":hebrew" end),
    },
    jalali = {
        month = setmetatableindex(function(t,k) return months[k] .. ":jalali" end),
        day   = setmetatableindex(function(t,k) return days  [k] .. ":jalali" end),
    },
}

do

    local function currentdate(str,currentlanguage,year,month,day) -- second argument false : no label
        local list       = utilities.parsers.settings_to_array(str)
        local splitlabel = languages.labels.split or string.itself -- we need to get the loading order right
     -- local year       = tex.year
     -- local month      = tex.month
     -- local day        = tex.day
        local auto       = true
        if currentlanguage == "" then
            currentlanguage = false
        end
        for i=1,#list do
            local entry = list[i]
            local convert = dateconverters[entry]
            if convert then
                year, month, day = convert(year,month,day)
            else
                local tag, plus = splitlabel(entry)
                local ordinal, mnemonic, whatordinal, highordinal = false, false, nil, false
                if not tag then
                    tag = entry
                elseif plus == "+" or plus == "ord" then
                    ordinal = true
                elseif plus == "++" or plus == "highord" then
                    ordinal = true
                    highordinal = true
                elseif plus then -- mnem MNEM etc
                    mnemonic = variants[plus]
                end
                if not auto and spaced[tag] then
                    ctx_space()
                end
                auto = false
                if tag == v_year or tag == "y" or tag == "Y" then
                    if plus then
                        plus = converters[plus]
                    end
                    if plus then
                        context(plus(year))
                    elseif currentlanguage == false then
                        context(year)
                    else
                        ctx_convertnumber(v_year,year)
                    end
                elseif tag == "yy" or tag == "YY" then
                    context("%02i",year % 100)
                elseif tag == v_month or tag == "m" then
                    if currentlanguage == false then
                        context(Word(months[month]))
                    else
                        if type(mnemonic) == "table" then
                            mnemonic = mnemonic.month
                        end
                        if mnemonic then
                            ctx_labeltext(variables[mnemonic[month]])
                        else
                            ctx_labeltext(variables[months[month]])
                        end
                    end
                elseif tag == v_MONTH then
                    if currentlanguage == false then
                        context(Word(variables[months[month]]))
                    else
                        if type(mnemonic) == "table" then
                            mnemonic = mnemonic.month
                        end
                        if mnemonic then
                            ctx_LABELTEXT(variables[mnemonic[month]])
                        else
                            ctx_LABELTEXT(variables[months[month]])
                        end
                    end
                elseif tag == "mm" then
                    context("%02i",month)
                elseif tag == "M" then
                    context(month)
                elseif tag == v_day or tag == "d" then
                    if plus then
                        plus = converters[plus]
                    end
                    if plus then
                        context(plus(day))
                    elseif currentlanguage == false then
                        context(day)
                    else
                        ctx_convertnumber(v_day,day)
                    end
                    whatordinal = day
                elseif tag == "dd" then
                    context("%02i",day)
                    whatordinal = day
                elseif tag == "D" then
                    context(day)
                    whatordinal = day
                elseif tag == v_weekday or tag == "w" then
                    local wd = weekday(day,month,year)
                    if currentlanguage == false then
                        context(Word(days[wd]))
                    else
                        if type(mnemonic) == "table" then
                            mnemonic = mnemonic.day
                        end
                        if mnemonic then
                            ctx_labeltext(variables[mnemonic[wd]])
                        else
                            ctx_labeltext(variables[days[wd]])
                        end
                    end
                elseif tag == v_WEEKDAY then
                    local wd = weekday(day,month,year)
                    if currentlanguage == false then
                        context(Word(days[wd]))
                    else
                        if type(mnemonic) == "table" then
                            mnemonic = mnemonic.day
                        end
                        if mnemonic then
                            ctx_LABELTEXT(variables[mnemonic[wd]])
                        else
                            ctx_LABELTEXT(variables[days[wd]])
                        end
                    end
                elseif tag == "W" then
                    context(weekday(day,month,year))
                elseif tag == v_referral then
                    context("%04i%02i%02i",year,month,day)
                elseif tag == v_space or tag == "\\ " then
                    ctx_space()
                    auto = true
                elseif tag ~= "" then
                    context(tag)
                    auto = true
                end
                if ordinal and whatordinal then
                    if currentlanguage == false then
                        -- ignore
                    else
                        context[highordinal and "highordinalstr" or "ordinalstr"](converters.ordinal(whatordinal,currentlanguage))
                    end
                end
            end
        end
    end

    implement {
        name      = "currentdate",
        arguments = { "string", "string", "string", "integer", "integer", "integer" },
        actions   = function(pattern,default,language,year,month,day)
            currentdate(
                pattern  == "" and default or pattern,
                language == "" and false   or language,
                year, month, day
            )
        end,
    }

    local function todate(s,y,m,d)
        if y or m or d then
            return formatters["\\date[y=%s,m=%s,d=%s][%s]\\relax"](y or "",m or "",d or "",s or "")
        else
            return formatters["\\currentdate[%s]\\relax"](s)
        end
    end

    addformatter(formatters,"date", [[todate(...)]], { todate = todate })

    -- context("one: %4!date!","MONTH",2020,12,11)          context.par()
    -- context("one: %4!date!","month",2020,12,11)          context.par()
    -- context("one: %4!date!","year,-,mm,-,dd",2020,12,11) context.par()

    -- context("two: %3!date!","MONTH",false,12)          context.par()
    -- context("two: %3!date!","month",false,12)          context.par()
    -- context("two: %3!date!","year,-,mm,-,dd",false,12) context.par()

end

implement {
    name      = "unihex",
    arguments = "integer",
    actions   = { formatters["U+%05X"], context },
}

-- totime might move to utilities.parsers as more general helper

local n = R("09")^1 / tonumber -- lpegpatterns.digit

local p = Cf( Ct("")
    -- year is mandate, month and day are optional
    * Cg(Cc("year") * n)
    * S("-/")^-1
    * Cg(Cc("month") * (n + Cc(1)))
    * S("-/")^-1
    * Cg(Cc("day") * (n + Cc(1)))
    -- time is optional, hour and minuta are mandate, seconds are optional
    * (
          whitespace^0
        * P("T")^-1
        * whitespace^0
        * Cg(Cc("hour") * n)
        * P(":")^-1
        * Cg(Cc("min") * n)
        * P(":")^-1
        * Cg(Cc("sec") * (n + Cc(0)))
    )^-1
    -- zone is optional, hour is mandate, minutes are optional
    * (
          whitespace^0
        * Cg(Cc("tzs") * (P("+") * Cc(1) + P("-") * Cc(-1) + Cc(1)))
        * whitespace^0
        * Cg(Cc("tzh") * n)
        * P(":")^-1
        * Cg(Cc("tzm") * (n + Cc(0)))
    )^-1
    , rawset)

function converters.totime(s)
    if not s then
        return
    elseif type(s) == "table" then
        return s
    elseif type(s) == "string" then
        local t = lpegmatch(p,s)
        if not t then
            logs.report("system","invalid time specification %a",s)
        elseif t.tzh then
            local localtzh, localtzm = ostimezone(true)
            t.hour = t.hour + localtzh - t.tzs * t.tzh
            t.min  = t.min  + localtzm - t.tzs * t.tzm
        end
        return t
    end
    local n = tonumber(s)
    if n and n >= 0 then
        return osdate("*t",n)
    end
end

function converters.settime(t)
    if type(t) ~= "table" then
        t = converters.totime(t)
    end
    if t then
        texset("year", t.year or 1000)
        texset("month", t.month or 1)
        texset("day", t.day or 1)
        texset("time", (t.hour or 0) * 60 + (t.min or 0))
    end
end

-- taken from x-asciimath (where we needed it for a project)

local d_one         = lpegpatterns.digit
local d_two         = d_one * d_one
local d_three       = d_two * d_one
local d_four        = d_three * d_one
local d_split       = P(-1) + Carg(2) * (lpegpatterns.period /"")

local d_spaced      = (Carg(1) * d_three)^1

local digitized_1   = Cs ( (
                        d_three * d_spaced * d_split +
                        d_two   * d_spaced * d_split +
                        d_one   * d_spaced * d_split +
                        P(1)
                      )^1 )

local p_fourbefore  = d_four * d_split
local p_fourafter   = d_four * P(-1)

local p_beforesplit = d_three * d_spaced^0 * d_split
                    + d_two   * d_spaced^0 * d_split
                    + d_one   * d_spaced^0 * d_split
                    + d_one   * d_split

local p_aftersplit  = p_fourafter
                    + d_three * d_spaced
                    + d_two   * d_spaced
                    + d_one   * d_spaced

local digitized_2   = Cs (
                         p_fourbefore  *  (p_aftersplit^0) +
                         p_beforesplit * ((p_aftersplit + d_one^1)^0)
                      )

local p_fourbefore  = d_four * d_split
local p_fourafter   = d_four
local d_spaced      = (Carg(1) * (d_three + d_two + d_one))^1
local p_aftersplit  = p_fourafter * P(-1)
                    + d_three * d_spaced * P(1)^0
                    + d_one^1

local digitized_3   = Cs((p_fourbefore + p_beforesplit) * p_aftersplit^0)

local digits_space  = utfchar(0x2008)

local splitmethods  = {
    digitized_1,
    digitized_2,
    digitized_3,
}

local replacers     = table.setmetatableindex(function(t,k)
    local v = lpeg.replacer(".",k)
    t[k] = v
    return v
end)

function converters.spaceddigits(settings,data)
    local data = tostring(data or settings.data or "")
    if data ~= "" then
        local method = settings.method
        local split  = splitmethods[tonumber(method) or 1]
        if split then
            local symbol    = settings.symbol
            local separator = settings.separator
            if not symbol or symbol == "" then
                symbol = "."
            end
            if type(separator) ~= "string" or separator == "" then
                separator = digits_space
            end
            local result = lpegmatch(split,data,1,separator,symbol)
            if not result and symbol ~= "." then
                result = lpegmatch(replacers[symbol],data)
            end
            if result then
             -- print(method,symbol,separator,data,result)
                return result
            end
        end
    end
    return str
end

-- method 2 : split 3 before and 3 after
-- method 3 : split 3 before and 3 after with > 4 before

-- symbols is extra split (in addition to period)

-- local setup = { splitmethod = 3, symbol = "," }
-- local setup = { splitmethod = 2, symbol = "," }
-- local setup = { splitmethod = 1, symbol = "," }
--
-- local t = {
--     "0.00002",
--     "1", "12", "123", "1234", "12345", "123456", "1234567", "12345678", "123456789",
--     "1.1",
--     "12.12",
--     "123.123",
--     "1234.123",
--     "1234.1234",
--     "12345.1234",
--     "1234.12345",
--     "12345.12345",
--     "123456.123456",
--     "1234567.1234567",
--     "12345678.12345678",
--     "123456789.123456789",
--     "0.1234",
--     "1234.0",
--     "1234.00",
--     "0.123456789",
--     "100.00005",
--     "0.80018",
--     "10.80018",
--     "100.80018",
--     "1000.80018",
--     "10000.80018",
-- }
--
-- for i=1,#t do
--     print(formatters["%-20s : [%s]"](t[i],converters.spaceddigits(setup,t[i])))
-- end

implement {
    name      = "spaceddigits",
    actions   = { converters.spaceddigits, context },
    arguments = {
        {
            { "symbol" },
            { "separator" },
            { "data" },
            { "method" },
        }
    }
}

local function field(n) return context(osdate("*t")[n]) end

implement { name = "actualday",   public = true, actions = function() field("day")   end }
implement { name = "actualmonth", public = true, actions = function() field("month") end }
implement { name = "actualyear",  public = true, actions = function() field("year")  end }

implement {
    name    = "uuid",
    public  = true,
    actions = { os.uuid, context },
}
